- Microbial fermentation
The microbial fermentation method has the advantages of low cost of raw materials, mild reaction conditions, and large-scale production. The valine produced by the fermentation method is all L-type and does not require optical analysis. The strains of the fermentation method are Micrococcus glutamicum, Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, Escherichia coli and Aerogenes. In addition, glucose, urea and inorganic salts can be used as the medium.
2. Chemical Synthesis
The characteristics of chemical synthesis methods are high cost, complicated reaction, many steps and many by-products. Using isobutyraldehyde as raw material, there are many methods for synthesizing racemic valine. For example, isobutyraldehyde and ammonia generate aminoisobutanol, which is combined with hydrogen cyanide to synthesize aminoisobutyronitrile, and then hydrolyzed to obtain valine. In addition, there are various methods for the separation of racemates, such as enzymatic hydrolysis of acyl-DL-amino acids, followed by separation based on the solubility difference between free amino acids and acylated forms.